Technical Q&A – Special Steel Profiles

Montanstahl specializes in the production of custom hot rolled, cold drawn and cold rolled special steel profiles in stainless steel, carbon steel and alloyed grades. This Q&A section provides detailed technical information on minimum order quantities, dimensional limits, tolerances, available materials, production technologies and related services, addressing the most common questions raised by our customers.

Minimum Order Quantities

What are Montanstahl’s minimum quantities for a hot rolled special profile?

Montanstahl’s standard minimum order quantities for hot rolled special profiles are:

  • Carbon and alloyed steels: 15 tons
  • Stainless steel special profiles: 5–6 tons

For specific projects, we can offer:

  • 5–6 tons in carbon steel
  • 2–3 tons in stainless steel

Prototypes can also be produced, depending on the requirements of your project and the technology used

Learn more about our available production technologies.

What are Montanstahl’s minimum quantities for a cold rolled special profile?

Minimum quantities for cold rolled special profiles start from:

  • 100 kg, depending on shape and grade

Cold rolling is ideal for small, lightweight sections with tight tolerances.

Discover our Cold Rolled Special Profiles.

What are Montanstahl’s minimum quantities for a cold drawn profile?

Minimum quantities for cold drawn special profiles depend on whether a hot rolled pre-shape is required.

  • If a hot rolled pre-shape is needed → same MOQ as hot rolled profiles
  • If not → we can offer production from just a couple of bars

Explore our Cold Drawn Special Profiles.

What are Montanstahl’s minimum quantities for laser welded profiles?

For normed structural profiles in stainless steel (see catalogue), Montanstahl MOQ for end customers are:

  • 2’000 kg min per profile in 1.4301/1.4307 – 304/304L
  • 1’000 kg min per profile in 1.4404/1.4571 – 316L/316Ti
  • 5’000 kg min per inquiry in total (different profiles together)

For special laser welded profiles in carbon steel or stainless steel, Montanstahl MOQ are as little as 1 bar.

What are Montanstahl’s minimum quantities for a hot extruded special profile?

Montanstahl’s standard minimum order quantities for hot extruded special profiles are:

  • Carbon and alloyed steel profiles: 2000 Kg
  • Stainless steel special profiles: 500 Kg

For new projects, where testing of the profile is required before full-scale production, Montanstahl can provide prototype bars for customer evaluation and approval prior to serial manufacturing. Learn more about our available production technologies.

Steel Grades & Materials

In which steel grades does Montanstahl produce special profiles?

We primarily manufacture:

Carbon steel grades

  • S235JR
  • S355J2

Stainless steel grades

  • AISI 304L (1.4307)
  • AISI 316L (1.4404)
  • AISI 316Ti (1.4571)

which are the most popular grades on the market.

Nevertheless, we can offer special profiles in a multitude of other alloys, including:

  • Alloyed steels
  • Duplex stainless steels
  • Titanium
  • And more

See our full range of Stainless Steel, Carbon Steel and Titanium Grades available.

Can Montanstahl produce special profiles in duplex stainless steel?

Yes. We produce duplex special profiles in:

  • Hot rolled execution
  • Cold drawn execution
  • Cold rolled execution
  • Extruded execution
  • Laser fused execution

Learn more about Duplex Stainless Steel.

Why is 316 stainless steel chosen instead of 304?

AISI 316 offers superior corrosion resistance compared to 304, especially in:

  • Marine environments
  • Chemical processing industries
  • Mild acidic environments

Visit our Case Studies page to understand the fields of application in which they are used.

Does Montanstahl offer special profiles in brass or titanium?

Yes.

  • Brass profiles: extruded and cold worked
  • Titanium profiles: mainly extruded, also small cold rolled sections

Visit our Extruded Special Profiles page for more details.

Size, Shape & Technical Limitations

Are there limitations for hot rolled special sections?

For hot rolled profiles:

  • Weight range: 1–10 kg/m (standard feasibility)
  • 10–12 kg/m → feasibility verification required
  • >12 kg/m → available via extrusion or hybrid laser fused execution
  • No undercuts or holes allowed in hot rolled execution

Alternative solutions:

We can offer profiles that weight more than 12kg/m only in extruded execution or in a hybrid laser welded execution, which means producing several parts and laser fusing them together, while ensuring the highest quality of profiles.

Are there limitations for cold drawn special sections?

Minimum material thickness: 2mm

Size range: fit in a circle of max 200 mm

General tolerances: ±0.1 mm

For very small sections less than 1 kg/m → often better produced in cold rolled execution

Discover Cold Drawn Technology.

Are there limitations for cold rolled profiles?

Weight: 0.1kg/m – 6kg/m (typically 4 kg/m – 6 kg/m)

MOQ for cold rolled carbon steel profiles: 500kg

MOQ for cold rolled carbon steel profiles: 100kg

Learn about Cold Rolled Production Capabilities.

Are there limitations for laser welded special profiles?

  • Weld penetration for stainless steel: 10mm per side
  • Weld penetration for carbon steel: 5mm per side
  • Size range: 2000mm x 1000mm
  • General tolerances: ±0.5 mm
  • Material thickness: 2mm – 80mm
  • Weight: from 0.5 kg/m to 200 kg/m

Are there limitations for hot extruded special profiles?

  • Material thickness: min. 3.5 mm
  • Size range: fit in circle of max. 255 mm
  • Only one hole can be produced
  • Inside diameter of hollow profile: from 20 mm to 200 mm
  • Weight: from 1.5 kg/m to 120 kg/m
  • General tolerances: ±0.5 mm

Learn more about Hot Extrusion Production Capabilities.

Bars, Coils & Lengths

Are special profiles supplied in coils or only bars?

We generally supply profiles in bars, either in standard fixed lengths or cut to length. We can supply profiles in coils when produced in:

  • Hot rolled execution
  • Cold rolled execution

Contact our Sales Team.

Maximum bar length – Hot Rolled

  • Standard: 8,000 mm (-0/+200 mm)
  • Special cases: up to 9,000 mm

Maximum bar length – Cold Drawn

  • Generally, we manufacture bars with maximum lengths of 9,600 mm (-0/+400 mm). In exceptional cases, we can produce bars up to 12m

Maximum bar length – Cold Rolled

Cold rolled special sections are usually small in size, and the bars tend to be very flexible, compromising the straightness and twist of the bar, if not handled with the utmost care.

  • Recommended length: 5,600 mm (-0/+100 mm)
  • Possible: up to 7,000 mm

Maximum bar length – Laser Welded

  • Standard: 6’000mm (-0/+200mm)
  • Recommended: 14’000mm max
  • Possible: 16’000mm max

Maximum bar length – Hot Extruded

We can produce bars up to 16,800 mm, subject to the cross-sectional area, material composition, shape, and weight of the profile.
Each special profile has its own maximum producible length, determined by the above-mentioned technical factors.
Different profile lengths may also be manufactured when required.

Tolerance & Precision

What tolerances can Montanstahl guarantee for hot rolled special profiles?

The tolerance level on a special hot rolled profile depends very much on the shape and size of the section.

  • Typical tolerance: ±0.5 mm
  • Possible tolerance: ±0.3 mm
  • Only for specific sections: down to ±0.1 mm

This allows substitution of cold drawn profiles with cost-efficient hot rolled near net shapes.

Read more about Hot Rolled Near Net Shapes.

What tolerances apply to cold drawn profiles?

Standard: DIN ISO 2768-m

Typical range:

  • ±0.1 mm to ±0.5 mm
  • ±0.05 mm achievable with additional drawing step

See Cold Drawn Special Profiles.

What tolerances apply to cold rolled profiles?

Standard: DIN ISO 2768-m

TypGeneral tolerance:

  • ±0.05 mm to ±0.1 mm
  • Possible down to ±0.02 mm

Explore Precision Cold Rolled Profiles.

What tolerances apply to laser welded profiles?

For structural profiles (channels, T, beams, angles,..):

  • Straightness = 1 mm/m max
  • Internal radii = < 2 mm
  • External radii = 0.5mm max (sharp corners)
  • Surface roughness = 3.5-5.5 Ra

For hollow sections (tubes and box sections):

  • Straightness = 1.5 mm/m max
  • Internal radii = < 2 mm
  • External radii = 0.5mm max (sharp corners)
  • Surface roughness = 3.5-5.5 Ra

Laser welding enables significantly tighter tolerances compared to conventional processes, making it ideal for high-precision engineering and architectural applications.

What tolerances apply to hot extruded profiles?

  • Minimum internal radius = 4 mm
  • Minimum external radius = 1.5 ± 0.5 mm
  • Longitudinal Curvature = Max deviation ≤ 1 mm/m
  • Transverse Curvature = Max 1%

Surface Treatments & Finishing

Are hot rolled stainless-steel profiles pickled?

Yes.

Pickling removes:

  • Mill scale
  • Carbon steel contamination
  • Risk of superficial corrosion

Carbon steel hot rolled profiles are not pickled.

Learn about our Stainless Steel Processing.

Are cold drawn stainless-steel profiles degreased?

Yes, all stainless cold drawn profiles are degreased.

Carbon steel cold drawn profiles are not degreased to maintain corrosion protection from residual oil.

Can Montanstahl supply cut, drilled or surface-treated profiles?

Yes. We offer one-stop solutions, including:

  • Fixed cut lengths
  • Drilling
  • Surface treatment

Visit our Processing & Finishing Services.

Are extruded profiles galvanized?

No, is not a standard for our products, but it is a service we can provide through external suppliers upon request.

Are extruded profiles solution annealed?

Yes, solution annealing is carried out for stainless steel profiles.

Hybrid & Advanced Production

Is it possible to combine multiple production technologies to create a new profile?

Yes, at Montanstahl we also produce what we call “Hybride Profiles”.

The ability to combine different production technologies available at Montanstahl allows us to meet the specific requirements of each project.

A hot-rolled or hot-extruded pre-shape can be cold drawn to achieve the tolerances required by the design, or different profiles can be laser welded together to create a completely new section.

This approach optimizes:

  • Cost
  • Structural performance
  • Dimensional limits expansion
  • Precision

Discover Our Hybride Profiles.

Is it possible to combine different materials in one profile?

Yes, at Montanstahl we produce the so-called “composite profiles.”

We can achieve this by using advanced production technologies such as laser welding or hot extrusion, depending on the technical requirements of the application.

By combining different materials in one profile, it is possible to benefit from the specific advantages of each material, such as:

  • improved corrosion resistance (e.g. stainless steel combined with carbon steel)
  • enhanced mechanical strength
  • thermal insulation, for example when using a thermal barrier in architectural profiles
  • cost optimization, by using high-performance materials only where they are required

This approach is widely used in applications such as steel window systems, façade structures, and specialized industrial components, where multiple functional properties are required in a single profile.

Discover the range of materials available for Montanstahl special profiles in our Materials section.

Structural & Window Profiles

Does Montanstahl offer structural profiles according to norm?

Yes, we stock stainless structural profiles including:

  • Beams
  • Channels
  • Tees
  • Angles
  • Flats
  • Half rounds
  • Key steel

Main grades: 304L and 316L.

Carbon steel structural profiles are produced as custom profiles only.

Explore our Structural Stainless Steel Profiles.

Can Montanstahl produce steel window sections in stainless steel?

Yes, we produce:

  • Hot rolled window sections in carbon steel
  • Stainless steel window sections in laser fused execution
  • Stainless steel window sections crimped together with thermal barrier

Learn more about our Special Steel Windows Profiles.

Logistics & Supply Chain

Can Montanstahl stock material for customers?

Yes. We offer call-off orders:

  • Yearly quantities produced at once
  • Stocked up to 18 months
  • No additional cost
  • Payment only upon call-off

Contact our Sales Department.

Does Montanstahl source raw material from Russia or Belarus?

No. We comply fully with all applicable laws and regulations and do not source materials from Russia or Belarus.

Quality & Certifications

Is Montanstahl certified according to IATF 16949?

No.

Montanstahl supplies the raw profile (optionally cut or drilled). The final component manufacturer typically holds IATF 16949 certification.

See our Quality Management System.

Mechanical Crimping

What properties are guaranteed for mechanically crimped profiles?

Minimum industry requirements:

  • Shear strength: >24 MPa
  • Tensile strength: >20 MPa

Laser Welded Profiles

What are the advantages of laser welding compared to traditional welding methods?

Laser welding is a high-precision joining process that uses a focused laser torch to melt metal components through a highly localized heat input, offering the following advantages:

  • Reduced thermal distortion
  • High dimensional accuracy
  • Clean weld seams with minimal post-processing
  • High production speed
  • Excellent repeatability
  • Enhanced mechanical properties

When should laser welding be used?

Laser welding is particularly beneficial when:

  • tight tolerances are required
  • post-processing needs to be minimized
  • complex or thin-walled profiles are involved
  • high aesthetic quality is important

Which materials can be laser welded?

Laser welding is commonly used for:

  • carbon steel
  • stainless steel
  • duplex stainless steel
  • high-strength steels

Material suitability depends on composition and geometry.

Due to the higher level of copper in martensitic stainless steel, these are more difficult to weld.

Is laser welding suitable for structural profiles?

Yes, especially for custom profiles, where precision and control of distortion are critical.

Is laser welding more expensive?

While the initial cost may be higher, laser welding often:

  • reduces secondary processing
  • improves overall product quality
  • optimizes material usage

resulting in a lower total project cost in many cases.

Can fully customized profiles be produced?

Yes. One of the key advantages of laser welding is the ability to manufacture:

  • non-standard shapes
  • tailored thickness combinations
  • weight-optimized solutions

Hot Extruded Profiles

Is REACH registration required for extruded profiles?

No, it is not required.

Can extruded profiles be quenched and tempered?

Yes, this is a service we can provide through external suppliers.

Does Montanstahl extrude special profiles in aluminum?

No, we only produces hot-extruded special profiles in a wide range of steel grades and titanium.

What are the main advantages of hot extruded steel profiles?

  • MOQs are very small compared to other technologies
  • Tooling costs for new profiles are very low
  • Customers can start by ordering a few sample pieces, a very small quantity for trial purposes, avoiding the need to immediately start serial production.
  • Hot-extruded profiles in steel have higher mechanical properties than other materials. For example, an aluminum profile used for structural purposes is lighter, but it cannot withstand heavy loads and stresses as steel can do.
  • Hot-extruded special profiles can take a wide variety of geometric shapes, allowing customers to avoid welding or machining several parts together.

Design and Prototyping Phase

Does Montanstahl support the design phase?

Yes, Montanstahl works closely with customers from the earliest stages of design to optimize profiles in preparation for manufacturing, recommending the best production technology to use and thereby ensuring efficiency from both a technical and economic standpoint.

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